Curriculum and Educational Implications of Teaching the Art of Dance in Nigerian Universities. Get the full PDF
Sunday JAMES……………………………………………………………………………..…1-12
A look at the curriculum of various levels of education in Nigeria (primary,
secondary, and tertiary) reveals that dance is one of the smallest and most
neglected elements taught within the artistic spheres. It is mostly seen and
taught as an aspect of Theatre Arts. This paper takes a look at various
definitions of dance according to different scholars and the importance of dance
education within the school system. The paper further discusses the
implications of teaching and establishment of dance departments in Nigerian
universities as well as points out issues that may arise as a result of the
development. It calls the attention of stakeholders in the education sector in
Nigeria to the need to ensure effective dance education in theory and practice.
Issues ranging from curriculum, methodology, society, infrastructure as well as
personnel are raised in this paper. The philosophical approach is adopted. This
paper calls for mandatory inclusion of dance education in the curriculum of
schools and recognition of it as just as important for students as other subjects.
Key words: Curriculum, Dance, Dance Education, Dance performance,
Pedagogy.
The Anglophone Crisis and Emerging Bilingualism Trends on State-Owned Mass Media in Cameroon. Get the full PDF
Victor Ngu Cheo……………………………………………………………………..……..13-29
One of the major causes of the Anglophone Crisis which started in 2016 was
the dominant use of the French language to the detriment of Anglophones in a
country that is dubbed bilingual and whose constitution confers an equal status
to both the English and French languages. In a bid to mitigate this situation,
the government embarked on a series of measures amongst which the creation
of a Bilingualism and Multiculturalism Commission to oversee the
implementation of official bilingualism in the country. This new wave of
bilingualism also seems to have actuated a ray of change in the practice of
bilingualism in the state media in Cameroon. Using the methodological
approaches of observation and content analysis, this paper appraises the
emerging trends of bilingualism on the state media; Cameroun Tribune, the
national radio and television, CRTV. Underpinned by the Knowledge Gap
Theory, the analysis revealed that the anglophone crisis has ushered in some
positive changes as far as the practice of bilingualism on the media is concerned.
In trying to increase the level of bilingualism practice in the state media, the
information gap between the Anglophones and Francophones has been
narrowed. This notwithstanding, there is still quite a lot to do to improve on the
status of bilingualism on the official media so as to be a good pace-setter in the
media landscape in Cameroon. On this basis, this paper recommends that
during bilingual newscasts it could be better to report one story in the French
language and then the same story follows immediately in the English language.
This will also promote the learning of French and English as the audience can
put words in context easily.
Key words: Anglophone Crisis, Bilingualism, Trends, State-owned Media,
Cameroon
Narratives of Internally Displaced Persons of Anglophone Cameroon Crisis: A Circumstantial Appraisal. Get the full PDF
Seino Evangeline Agwa Fomukong…………………………………………………………30-43
Narratives of trauma are generally aimed at expressing the depth of pain
experienced by victims in an attempt to begin the journey towards healing and
the choice of expressions show how close or distant to the victim is the narrative
event. This article examines the use of circumstantial elements to prove both
authenticity and negotiate how close to the heart the traumatic event is to the
victims of trauma in the Anglophone Cameroon Crisis. The data were collected
from sixty victims using a convenient sampling technique. Ethnographic
approaches, which include semi-open interviews, diary reading, and focus-group discussions, were used. The qualitative research design was used
focusing on the circumstantial elements found in the narratives of the victims
sampled for this work. Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics was used to
analyze the data focusing largely on the use of duration, which involves time
and space; manner and cause. This work concludes that by making use of
adverbial and prepositional phrases, the victims show a very close relationship
with their traumatic experiences as expressed in the exactitude with which they
associate these experiences with the time, space, cause, and manner of
occurrence. It further suggests that, while handling the socio-political causes of
the crisis, attention should be paid to the depth of the wounds inflicted by the
crisis in the hearts of the victims through the creation of trauma healing centers
and the provision of psychosocial support for all victims.
Key words: Trauma, IDPs, narratives, Anglophone, Crisis, SFL
Pour une Élucidation de la Transmission Intergénérationnelle du Cinéma dans l’Environnement Défavorable du Cameroun. Get the full PDF
Bell Yembel Jacques Merlin………………………………………………………….………44-58
En crise depuis le milieu des années 80, le cinéma camerounais souffre
également d’un déficit de structures de formation. Malgré cette situation
regrettable et aussi curieux que cela soit, on constate qu’au Cameroun, des
générations de cinéastes se succèdent. Dans ce contexte particulièrement
difficile, comment peut s’expliquer cette transmission quasi cyclique du cinéma
de génération en génération ? C’est la principale question à laquelle nous
répondons dans ce travail que nous avons effectué en nous fondant sur les
observations théoriques émises par la Commission scientifique du 143ème
Congrès national des Sociétés historiques et scientifiques de France sur la
transmission des savoirs. Prenant appui sur ce socle scientifique, nous avons
durant un trimestre, grâce à la recherche documentaire et à l’exploitation de
documents, collecté les données que requérait ce travail. Celles-ci sont venues
s’ajouter à celles que notre observation du cinéma camerounais nous a permis
de mobiliser depuis que nous sommes dans la recherche. De nos analyses, il
ressort que la transmission intergénérationnelle du cinéma au Cameroun n’est
pas le fait d’un seul acteur, mais plutôt le fruit de l’action conjuguée mais
généralement non concertée des structures de formation conventionnelle et des
professionnels de la filière cinématographique. L’action de ces acteurs
demeurant perfectible, notamment au niveau du système de formation
classique dont la structuration et le fonctionnement permettent un contrôle,
nous avons fait quelques propositions dans ce sens.
Mots clés : cinéma, générations, transmission des savoirs, modalités de
formation.
A Socio-Onomastic Analysis of Nicknames in the Fulani Culture, Cameroon. Get the full PDF
Yepdia Leundjeu Walter………………………………………………………………………59-77
This study investigates the sources of nicknames in the Fulani language, their
situational domain, their sociocultural relevance and their perceptions within
the Fulani context from the account of Leslie and Skipper’s (1991) socio-onomastic theory. Data were collected through participant observations and
semi-structured interviews from community members. The findings reveal that
Fulani nicknames have historical, social and cultural resonances. The identified
nicknames bear sociological, pragmatic and communicative functions that
match the Fulani people’s collective existence and shared experience. This
article helps us appreciate Fulani culture’s creativity and spans our knowledge
of ethnicity and social identity. The researcher recommends that other scholars
pursue research in other aspects of Fulani culture, and to revamp studies on
Cameroon’s native languages, which face extinction.
Key words: Fulani language, nicknames, perceptions, socio-onomastics,
sociocultural relevance
Les Cadavres dans les Films de Guerre. Get the full PDF
Ekoumbamaka Paul Aimé & MBEMA Marcelin……………………………………78-100
Il n’existe pas de film de guerre sans une mise en scène des cadavres. En
s’appuyant alors sur des films de guerre emblématiques tels que Les sentiers de
la gloire de Stanley Kubrick, Apocalypse Now de Francis Coppola et Il faut sauver
le soldat Ryan de Steven Spielberg, la question au centre du présent article est
la suivante : quelles sont les intentions des cinéastes susmentionnés, lorsqu’ils
portent à l’écran les cadavres en utilisant les trois modes de représentation qui
sont l’exagération, l’atténuation et la suggestion ? À la lumière des lectures
pragmatique et rhétorique du film inspirées respectivement des travaux de
Francesco Casetti et de Guillaume Soulez, cet article se propose de démontrer
que selon tel mode de représentation des cadavres dans le corpus étudié, il y a
une attitude donnée que ces cinéastes entendent faire adopter au spectateur. Il
apparaît ainsi à l’analyse des séquences filmiques, que l’exagération semble le
moyen le plus efficace de faire détester la guerre au spectateur. Par contre,
l’atténuation et la suggestion sont mobilisées pour lui assurer une relative
tranquillité face au spectacle macabre de la guerre
Mots-clés : spectateur, cadavre, guerre.
Urbanising orality: A socio-artistic interpretation of Cameroonian Pidgin English proverbs. Get the full PDF
Kelvin Ngong Toh …………..……………………………………………………………..101-113
In this paper, the focus is that though proverbs are known to be elitist by nature,
the birth of urban spaces in Cameroon and the growth of Pidgin English have
generated a popular culture. One of the outcomes of popular culture is the
composition of proverbs in Pidgin English. The paper has, therefore, argued that
Cameroon Pidgin proverbs can contribute to the shaping and construction of
the Cameroonian worldview. This study is guided by the theoretical views of Hall
(2007) especially as he propounded that studying works from Cultural Studies
perspectives takes two angles – the aesthetic and the ideological angles. The
method of collecting data for this research was Naturally Occurring Data and
especially the tool known as Field Notes (Golato, 2017). Naturally Occurring
Data usually functions with experimenters that are not predicted in all
situations in which a given speech event may be produced (Golato, 2017). With
the help of the Field Notes research tool, the proverbs were collected on the bus
after an ensuing debate on the importance and relevance of pidgin English in
present-day Cameroon as the researcher traveled from Yaounde to Buea. The
research reveals that there is a huge corpus of pidgin proverbs that if carefully
analyzed and interpreted; they can serve, as a tool for enhancing the much needed Cameroonian national culture.
Key words: Orality, Urban, Pidgin, Culture, Popular
A Pragmatic Appraisal of Political Discourse on the Cameroon Anglophone Crisis (2016-2020). Get the full PDF
Kohole Peukeu Carine, Seino Evangeline Agwa Fomukong & Atoh Julius Chenwi …..…114-132
This paper investigates the use of pragmatic features in speeches delivered by
the former Prime Minister of Cameroon (Philemon Yang) on the Anglophone
Crisis in Cameroon. With the help of Searle (1969) Speech Act theory, we found
out that, the speeches comply with illocutionary acts. Data was collected from
the Prime Ministry, Cameroon Tribune and Google and consist of one hundred
and fourteen (114) utterances. Using a checklist, we identified the utterances
and classified them into different types of illocutionary acts and bringing out
their functions. The utterances performed illocutionary acts of directives
(requesting, ordering, advising, inviting, warning, questioning, forbidding),
assertives (asserting, reporting, clarifying, stating, informing, boasting,
claiming, describing), expressives (deploring, congratulating, thanking),
commissives (promising) and declaratives (declaring). Of these illocutionary
acts, assertives were sixty (60) in number and covered the highest percentage of
52.63% and the acts represent the ideologies of the speaker which are the call
for peace, the dropping of guns by the boys, the resumption of schools, the call
to vote for the ruling party the CPDM (Cameroon people’s Democratic
Movement), and the stop of violence. It was recommended that, in order to
completely put an end to the current Anglophone crisis that erupted since 2016,
the representatives of the government like Philemon Yang and others should try
in their subsequent visits to the North West and South West Regions to make
speeches that will contain more illocutionary act of expressives with functions
of forgiving, apologising, deploring, regretting, directives with functions like
appealing, begging and commissives with function of offering. Through these
illocutionary acts and their functions, the populace will get their ideologies, and
gradually calm may return and a platform for a genuine and inclusive dialogue
will be established so that the problem can be completely resolved.
Key words: Pragmatics, Anglophone crisis, political discourse, illocutionary act.
Youth Education and Resistance: A Reading of Darrell James Roodt’s “Sarafina”. Get the full PDF
Visi Sumbom Tubuo ………………………………………………………………………133-147
Using the case of South Africa in the face of apartheid, this paper underscores
the fact that, with the right education, young people are and can be very
instrumental in the struggle for liberation. This is captured in their struggle for
liberation throughout the film Sarafina. The use of songs, especially Sarafina,
The Lord’s prayer and Freedom is coming tomorrow in the film helps them push
through with their idea of having the right education and liberating themselves
from society problems. Our analysis of the songs in this film is guided by the
Semiotics Approach with the backing of the Marxist theory. These three songs
do not emphasize the issue of public violence but articulate resistance. Our
analysis thus evinces that in the film Sarafina the South African youth are
educated and encouraged to rise and fight for their rights in the face of a brutal
and faceless inhuman white regime, and this suggests that youths can resist
situations in life not necessarily through violence but peaceful protest.
Key words: Liberation, Right Education, Public Violence, Semiotics Approach
L’Histoire de la Naissance Tardive du Cinéma Anglophone au Cameroun et L’Avenement des Premiers Films : De L’assimilation ou de l’oppression politique ?. Get the full PDF
Yadia Calvin Boris ………………………………………………………………………….148-161
Malgré ses nombreuses prouesses au cours des dernières années, peu d’études
scientifiques se sont intéressées au cinéma anglophone. Son histoire, au sens
propre du terme, n’a guère encore été explorée de manière significative. Sa
véritable date de naissance reste inconnue, tout comme les prédécesseurs qui
ont contribué à le faire naître, y compris ses premiers cinéastes et ses premiers
films. Purement historique, et encadrée par le déterminisme social, cette étude
s’appuie sur les propos des voix d’autorité, acteurs de la naissance du cinéma
anglophone au Cameroun. Elle examine entre autres, les facteurs qui justifient
sa naissance tardive et permettent de comprendre son dynamisme économique.
Elle s’interroge également sur la contribution de l’État à la naissance de ce
cinéma.
Mots-clés : Histoire, naissance, cinéma, anglophone, politique
Cameroon Governance and Security Sector Reform: An Autopsy of State Response to Emerging Security Problems in the Central Africa Sub Region. Get the full PDF
Emmanuel Nche Ntoh, Ngam Confidence Chia & Martins Dekoum Huge Ta Nda ……….162-182
The problem in Africa, South of the Sahara was not only that countries with a
kind of thin or shoestring budget grappled to indebt themselves with loans to
build, train and equip their security sector but also that security was wholly
perceived to mean the protection of National Boarders and its resources, signing
of military accords and treaties thereby casting internal security away from
crucial concerns. The problems and contradictions imposed by this conundrum
of the parochial conception of Security architecture and operatives have
combined with an array of poor governance to beg for reform wherein state
governance and Human security must be seen as crucially interdependent. It is
with this preoccupation that the UN, EU, and AU have undertaken lasting
measures to reform the security sector placing human security and good
governance at the centrality of its hub. If this has been urgent in other areas of
the world, the need is crucially acute in the Central African Sub Region whose
member states have been encompassed not only by issues of fragile states borne
out of problematic governance as well as transnational crime, secessionists
claim and arm uprising as well as a transnational crime. This is the Nexus
underlying good governance and the Security Sector reform which is the
Substance of this study. From a thorough review of primary and secondary
sources, the study seeks to – provide the special context and circumstances
underlying Good governance and its connection to Security Sector Reform in the
Central African Sub Region- Bring out the cogent elements of good governance
and connect how this is crucial in the Security Sector Reform – Cast a Scientific
focus on Good governance within the Security Sector using key Central African
Region states and showcasing how this is important in state and peacebuilding
as offered by the UN and its corollaries.
Key words: Security reform, good governance, autopsy, challenges
Politique de Décentralisation, Un Levier pour la Rupture de L’extraversion du Cinéma au Cameroun. Get the full PDF
Yves Roland Heungap………………………………………………………………………..190-203
L’objectif de ce propos est la recherche de solutions endogènes à la
problématique de dépendance que subit le secteur cinématographique des pays
d’Afrique francophone en général et du Cameroun en particulier. Nous visons à
explorer une stratégie de développement d’une industrie du film au Cameroun
qui s’adosserait sur sa politique de décentralisation. L’intention étant d’aboutir
au résultat que la venue d’une industrie du film, affranchi de sa dépendance à
l’étranger, forte et qui se finance localement est possible par l’adoption d’une
politique de développement du cinéma adossée aux Collectivités Territoriales
Décentralisées et bénéficiant des acquis de la politique de décentralisation en
place au Cameroun depuis plusieurs décennies.
Mots clés : Développement, Cinéma, Politique, Décentralisation, Levier, Stratégie,
Extraversion.
Challenges Faced by Lower Primary School Teachers in Teaching Phonic. Get the full PDF
Mafofou Kappiwa Gerardine Laure, Muluh Henry Z. & Agbor Nicoline Tabe ……………………………………….204-217
This paper investigates the challenges primary school teachers face in teaching
phonics. Phonics Instruction according to the Open University Reading
Development Course Team (1977, p.170) is “any method of teaching which
draws attention to the relationship between phonemes and graphemes”. The
idea of phonemes brings to mind the teaching of sounds while the concept of
graphemes deals with the writing system. Thus, every phonics instruction
guides learners toward mastering reading and writing. Qualitative and
quantitative research approaches were used to understand lower primary school
teachers’ challenges in teaching Phonics. Also, research observation and
questionnaires were used as instruments to collect data through a research
survey. Three lower primary school teachers from Government Primary School
Atuakum Bamenda were selected respondents. The findings reveal that teaching
Phonics to early elementary pupils has been very challenging for lower primary
school teachers as they face many difficulties with the appropriate method. The
results also reveal that only 66.6% of teachers know and understand Phonics,
which prompts us to deeply research and understand the origin of their
challenges in teaching phonics.
Key words: Phonics, Phonics Teaching.
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