Table of contents
Cover page Vol 5 No 2 July 2025. Get the full PDF
Effectiveness of Activity-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning for Improving Preservice Teachers’ Teaching Skills in a Micro Teaching
Course. Get the full PDF
Nubonyin Hilda Fokong …………..……………………….………………………..…1-24
Innovative teaching methods are gradually becoming indispensable.
Today, more than ever, teacher trainers are expected to think critically
about effectively applying activity-based and project-based learning in a
micro-teaching course. This study investigates the effectiveness of
activity-based and project-based learning for improving preservice
teachers’ teaching skills in a micro-teaching course. The study employs
the experimental research design. A purposive sampling technique is
used to select a sample of 63 second-year students out of 300
undergraduate students of the Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy
in the Faculty of Education of the University of Bamenda. Stratified
randomisation is used to place students into two treatment groups:
control and experimental. Each group is made up of 21 students. Data
for the study is collected using a self-constructed pre-test and post-test.
The instrument is face validated by two experts, and the Cronbach alpha
reliability coefficient is 0.821. The estimation technique used is a paired
sample t-test. From the findings, the higher post-test scores as compared
to pre-test scores reveal that, micro-teaching course has resulted in the
expected acquisition of teaching skills. The results for hypotheses one
and two are statistically significant (t=5.542; df=20; p=.000) and (t=5.878;
df=20; p=.000) respectively. The study concludes that activity-based and
project-based learning are effective, innovative methods for improving
preservice teachers’ teaching skills. Based on the findings, this study
recommends that teachers and learners should frequently use innovative
teaching methods in a micro-teaching course and other courses alongside
other innovative teaching strategies. Higher education authorities should
insert innovative teaching methods and strategies into their programmes.
Keywords: Activity-based learning, project-based learning, preservice teachers, teaching skills, micro teaching course.
Ineffective Integration of Digital and Technological Education Tools in Teaching Adult Education Literacy Programmes in Borno State,
Northern Nigeria: Challenges and Way Forward. Get the full PDF
Musa Usman, Hadiza Buhari & Augusta O. Okwute……………………………25-46
This study examined possible problems associated with the ineffective
integration of digital and technology education tools in the teaching of adult
education literacy programmes in Borno State, Nigeria. The State had
experienced years of deadly attacks from the Boko-Haram insurgents. The
effects of the insurgency have almost paralysed its socio-economic, political
and educational structures. The study focused on the impact of learning
outcomes among the adult learners, instructors, availability of digital
infrastructure and problems associated with the ineffective integration of
digital and modern technological education tools in the teaching of adult
education literacy programmes in the State. A mixed methods approach
was adopted as the design for the study. The target population selected
for the study was only one hundred and ninety-one (191) participants who
were selected using the Krejcie and Morgan sampling table. The
questionnaire was the sole instrument used for data collection. The data
collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency count and
percentage. The findings of the study revealed that digital technology had
significantly enhanced learning outcomes by improving learner
engagement, access to educational materials, and digital literacy skills.
However, barriers such as inconsistent internet connectivity, inadequate
usage of online platforms and poor maintenance of facilities have hindered
effective digital transformation in the adult education literacy centres in the
State. The study recommends that government agencies and educational
stakeholders should invest in tailored professional development
programmes for adult learners, instructors, and educators, focusing on
integrating digital and technology tools effectively into their programmes of
teaching practices.
Keywords: Digital, Technology, Integration, Basic Literacy Education.
The Perception of Teachers and Students on the Utilisation of Artificial Intelligence in the Educational System in Mezam Division of Cameroon. Get the full PDF
Florence Mbi Nchia & Monique Abongkeyung Newen………..……..…………47-68
Artificial Intelligence is making headlines at conferences and seminars
across various fields and sectors, such as commerce, nutrition,
education, and health. Given the applications of Artificial Intelligence in
the teaching and learning process, there has been debate over whether it
is a valuable technology, considering the ramifications surrounding how
educators perceive and apply it. Today, many priorities for improving
teaching and learning remain unaddressed, leading some educators to
explore technology-enhanced approaches that are safe, effective, and
scalable in meeting these priorities. Naturally, educators are concerned
that rapid technological advances in everyday life could provide solutions.
This study aimed to investigate whether Artificial Intelligence in the
educational system in the Mezam Division poses a threat or offers an
advantage. The research design was descriptive, focusing on the Mezam
Division of the North West Region of Cameroon. The population consisted
of 1,200 English language and Mathematics teachers and 20,000
students from schools in the Mezam Division. A multistage sampling
technique was employed. One school in the urban area, where students
and teachers have access to computers, smartphones, and electricity,
was purposively selected. The findings revealed a significant difference in
how English Language and Mathematics teachers perceive the
application of Artificial Intelligence in teaching and learning. While
Mathematics teachers regarded it as an advantage, English language
teachers considered it a threat. Similarly, a significant difference was also observed in the perceptions of students and teachers regarding the
application of Artificial Intelligence in education. It can be concluded that
the views of teachers and students on the application of Artificial
Intelligence in the educational system in the Mezam Division remain
inconclusive. Substantial sensitisation efforts are therefore necessary to
align these stakeholders with the demands of new technological
advancements. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers
and students explore the possibilities presented by Artificial Intelligence
to stay current with modern technologies and benefit from the myriad
opportunities this technology provides.
.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Educational System, Mathematics, English language
Exploring the Concepts of Liberation and Human Flourishing in Paulo Freire’s Philosophy of Education: Implications for Education in Cameroon. Get the full PDF
Ransheeh Justin Jaff, Valentine B. Ngalim, & Mbih Jerome Tosam………..69-91
Education in its very essence serves as an instrument for human
transformation and liberation. This paper explores Paulo Freire’s
understanding of education as a tool for human emancipation. Freire
argues that human liberation is integral because it frees the individual
socially,
economically,
psychologically,
culturally,
physically,
intellectually and spiritually. In this paper, we argue that it is in the idea
of liberation that Freire’s concept of human flourishing takes its roots
and finds meaning. We examine Freire’s concept of education as a tool
for human emancipation and flourishing and show its implications on
the educational systems in Cameroon. After Cameroon’s independence
and reunification in 1960 and 1961 respectively, the educational systems
“inherited” from the French and British colonial administrations were
maintained in the two parts of the country which they administered.
These systems of education are still heavily invested in their colonial
origins and not fully grounded in indigenous values, beliefs,
epistemologies and knowledge systems. In this paper, we argue that the
continuous presence of colonial values hinders genuine freedom and
human flourishing in the Freirean sense. The paper argues for the need
to decolonise Cameroon’s educational system from French and British
epistemic influences to ensure authentic freedom and human flourishing.
Keywords: Paolo Freire, education, liberation, human flourishing, the Educational System in Cameroon, decolonization
Between Empowerment and Objectification: Female Bikutsi Artists and the Representation of Women in some Cameroonian Female Popular
Music”. Get the full PDF
Ngwafu Anna Tanjan, Njong Divine, & Adamu Pangmeshi.……………….…92-113
The representation of women in popular music has long been a subject
of debate, especially in genres where female artists simultaneously
challenge and reinforce gender norms. While Bikutsi, a genre rooted in
the cultural traditions of the Beti people of Cameroon, has historically
been a space for female expression and empowerment, it has also been
criticised for perpetuating the objectification and sexualization of women.
Female artists navigate a complex terrain where women are depicted in
multiple and often contradictory ways, ranging from empowered and
assertive figures to objectified and commodified subjects. Through an
analysis of the lyrics and performances of prominent female Bikutsi
artists such as K-Tino, Lady Ponce, and Mani Bella, this paper explores
the tensions between empowerment and objectification. These artists
challenge patriarchal norms by asserting female desire, financial
independence and agency, while on the other hand, they often reproduce
hyper sexualized imagery and lyrics that align with male fantasies,
raising questions about whether their artistic choices reinforce or subvert
traditional gender norms. Drawing on objectification theory, postfeminist
perspectives and Africana Womanism, this paper argues that female
Bikutsi artists navigate a complex space where empowerment and
objectification are not mutually exclusive but deeply intertwined. This
study highlights the need for a better understanding of how women in
popular music negotiate agency within commercial and cultural
constraints.
Keywords: Empowerment, Objectification, Representation and Bikutsi
Capacitation du déficient visuel en actorat théâtral: Le cas de Josiane Nguimfack dans Regard muet . Get the full PDF
Joseph Noumbissi Wambo ……………………………………….………………114-130
Le 9 juin 2022, Josiane Nguimfack met en scène Regard muet, avec une
troupe constituée exclusivement de déficients visuels. À travers trois
personnages perclus dans un univers d’incompréhensions et de tumultes
internes, la metteure en scène capacite trois malvoyants pour cette
performance non centrée sur la cécité, mais sur les problèmes sociaux
propres au genre humain. La formation pour elle est un défi, dans la
mesure où il s’agit de donner à ce cadet social des ressources techniques
pour devenir des professionnels dans la pratique théâtrale. Comment
Josiane Nguimfack procède-t-elle pour rendre une telle performance
possible alors qu’elle n’a aucune connaissance du braille ? Notre
hypothèse est que la metteure en scène utilise les ressources de l’oralité
traditionnelle africaine pour mener son travail à son terme et avec succès.
À travers la systémique de l’acteur selon Jouvet, Sham’s, Hubert entre
autres, nous sommes arrivé à la conclusion que le handicapé visuel peut
être capacité à la pratique du théâtre, exactement comme les artistes
musiciens malvoyants qui ont réussi à s’imposer sur les scènes de
concerts, sans attirer l’attention sur son handicap. Le travail de Josiane
Nguimfack aide ainsi à donner un métier artistique aux déficients visuels,
autre que la musique
Mots clés : actorat théâtral ; déficients visuel ; acteur ; performance ; handicap
Popular Cinema: A Panacea for African Cinemas?. Get the full PDF
Roger Nsong Minlo ………………………………………………………..……..…131-158
This article argues in favour of a serious scholarship and academic
valorisation of African popular/ commercial cinemas. It has been
observed that there is a dearth of studies of African popular or
commercial cinemas, and this is largely due to a belief within academia
that popular cinema is generally of low quality, with hardly any innovative
aesthetics or teachable lessons for individual and societal transformation
compared to arthouse films. This paper hinges on the premise that
popular cinema is a solution for the survival of an emerging African
cinema. In this regard, we used the works of Alphonse Béni, one of the
most successful African commercial filmmakers in the early years of
African cinema, as a case study. This study reveals that popular cinema
is employed by the West to assuage their domination over the rest of the
world, as well as to foster their imperialistic agendas. Furthermore, it is
also noted that Béni used popular cinema to encourage change in the
mentality of the masses and display the modernity of developing nations.
Keywords: Popular Cinema, commercial cinema, aesthetics, african cinema
North West Livestock Development Fund (NWLDF) and Regulation Policies: A Historical Perpesctive, 1974-2016 . Get the full PDF
Thomas Chenui Nongoh & Kingsley Awang Ollong …………..……………..159-177
This study seeks to highlight the shortcomings in the execution of
regulatory policies by the North West Livestock Development Fund
(NWLDF) since its inception in 1974, aimed at advancing livestock
production in the region. Following independence, Cameroon, with its
favorable natural conditions and supportive dynamics, began to prioritize
the livestock sector. During Ahmadou Ahidjo’s administration, the
government recognized the livestock industry’s significant potential to
contribute to national development. Consequently, the 1971-1975
Development Plan prominently featured livestock enhancement,
concentrating on increasing production and productivity. To facilitate the
objectives of this plan, the Livestock Development Corporation was
established in 1974, tasked with boosting both the quality and quantity
of livestock outputs in Cameroon. A key role of the Development Fund
was to implement and establish policies designed to uplift livestock
farmers and their families. This paper asserts that while these regulatory
policies were thoughtfully crafted and aimed at positive outcomes, the
actual implementation was done inadequately. This resulted in
significant disparities between the set goals and the outcomes,
perpetuating a cycle of crises for both farmers and their livestock. The
research presented in this paper is derived from a combination of primary
and secondary sources, organized through chronological and thematic
frameworks.
Keywords: Enforcement gaps, Regulation Policies, Livestock, Implementation, Crisis
Framing the Frame: Production Design and Visual Authorship in Anglophone Cameroonian Cinema . Get the full PDF
Pani Nalowa Fominyen…………………….………………………………………178-204
This paper explores the evolving significance of production design in
Anglophone Cameroonian filmmaking, emphasizing its narrative,
cultural, and ideological functions within postcolonial and resource
constrained contexts. It argues that production design in this setting
operates not merely as technical support but as a form of visual
authorship and cultural negotiation. Through close analysis of two
feature films The Fisherman’s Diary (2020) and Saving Mbango (2020) the
study investigates how spatial design, material textures, and symbolic
elements construct meaning and enhance emotional resonance. Drawing
on interviews with production designers and viewer feedback from public
screenings, the paper reveals a shift from incidental visual composition
to intentional, thematically charged design practices. In response to the
inadequacy of dominant global models in capturing these dynamics, the
study proposes the Modified Production Design Analysis Model (MPDAM).
This decolonial, context-sensitive framework foregrounds collaborative
labour, symbolic economy, and cultural specificity. By repositioning
production design at the heart of film analysis and practice, this paper
contributes to broader debates in African cinema about aesthetics,
authorship, and the politics of representation.
Keywords: Production Design, Anglophone Cameroonian Cinema, Visual Authorship, Decolonial Aesthetics.
Naissance et Évolution de la Politique Politico-Cinématographique de L’État du Cameroun. Get the full PDF
Yadia Calvin Boris ……………………………………………………………..…..205-223
Cette étude vise à retracer les principaux textes encadrant l’activité
cinématographique au Cameroun, et à évaluer leur impact sur le secteur.
Dans quel contexte ont-ils (textes législatifs) été rédigés ? Ont-ils
réellement contribué à l’essor de l’expression cinématographique
nationale ? Dans sa volonté d’apporter des éléments de réponse à ces
interrogations, ce travail opte pour une démarche historique, soutenue
par des théories structuralistes, panafricanistes et marxistes. En sus
d’une recherche documentaire, il s’appuie également sur des
témoignages d’administrateurs de cinéma, témoins des circonstances
relatives à la naissance de ces textes, indispensables pour une analyse
approfondie de ce que l’on peut entendre par politique
cinématographique du Cameroun.
Gendered communication in the Workplace: An Analysis of Polite Language in Professional Context Get the full PDF
Kendra Yaah Laong & Hans Fonka B. …………………………………………224-244
Despite progress in fighting gender discrimination, it remains vital to
examine how gender shapes communication styles in the workplace.
These differences can create unequal power dynamics, hindering effective
and inclusive interactions. This study therefore investigates gendered
communication patterns within professional settings, focusing on how
members from the Global Action for Community Development and Talent
House Speakers Organizations make requests and use polite language.
Specifically, the study explores how gender influences interactions and
how much individuals consider “face”—their public image and others’
perceptions. This research is guided by Brown and Levinson’s Politeness
Theory (1987), which explains how people manage social relationships
through language, especially when performing potentially “face
threatening” acts like making requests. To achieve the objectives, 50
participants (25 males, 25 females) aged 20 to 45 were carefully selected
from the above mentioned organizations, and data was collected through
Focus Group Discussions. Major findings indicate that men and women
employ distinct communication styles for politeness and requests. While
both genders generally demonstrate politeness, the majority opinion
suggests that, women are more polite when making requests. This aligns
with Hussain M. (2020) study, who found out that, male speakers used
more direct requests, while females preferred indirect ones. Also, (Basow
& Rubenfield, 2003) said women employ more expressive, tentative, and
polite language than men, especially during conflicts, Therefore, the use
of requests and politeness varies between genders based on context and
reason. These findings simply imply that recognizing these gendered
communication differences can foster more inclusive and understanding
workplace environments, improving professional interactions. The study
recommends that, future research should explore a broader range of
politeness and request strategies, including “off-record” communication,
which were not part of this study.
Keywords: Communication, Gender, Language, Politeness, Workplace.
Eco-Spiritual Reverence in the Poetry of Robert Graves . Get the full PDF
Peter Foinjong Awoh……………………………………………………….245-267
The relationship between man and nature had been a central concern in
British Literature before it gained precedence in intellectual discourses
in the 19th and 20th centuries. In Robert Graves’s poetry, eco-poetic
paradigms of reverence have not been profoundly investigated. Therefore,
this article highlights the eco-poetic perspectives inherent in Graves’s
response to nature with a particular emphasis on the
pantheistic/spiritual dimensions of his ecology. Premised on the
argument that although Graves’s poetry is replete with humanist
tendencies, his relationship with the natural environment is religious, the
researcher borrows critical insights from eco-critical theories to sustain
the discussion of Graves’s representation of nature concerning human
activity and goddess spirituality. The paper, thus, fosters the discourses
for the sustainable management of the natural environment, which have
gained global attention via platforms like the Paris Agreement and COP
Conferences. The paper is subdivided into an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion.
Keywords: Ecology, Spirituality, Nature, Reverence
nterpersonal Conflict Management Strategies Used by Principals in Baptist Secondary Schools in North West, South West and Centre Regions
in Cameroon . Get the full PDF
Kumah Paul Toh & Titanji Peter Fon…………………………………..268-285
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the causes and management
strategies of interpersonal conflicts among teachers in Baptist Secondary
Schools (BSSs) in North West, South West and Centre Regions in Cameroon.
Methodology: A mixed-methodological design was employed, with data
collected from a sample of 16 principals and 141 teachers across 7 BSSs using
questionnaires and interview guides.
Findings: Principals identified violation of school rules and regulations (15,
93.5%) and poor working conditions (15, 93.7%) as major causes of conflict
while teachers said that poor working conditions (132, 93.6%), violation of
school rules and regulations (132, 93.6) and gossiping among teachers (114,
81%) were measure causes of conflicts. Principals identified improved working
conditions of teachers (14, 87.6%) and accommodation of individual
differences (13, 75.1%), while teachers disagreed that principals do not
improve working conditions as a strategy to manage interpersonal conflicts.
Conclusion: Interpersonal conflicts among teachers in Baptist secondary
schools are prevalent and have significant negative consequences on school
effectiveness and teacher well-being. Effective conflict management strategies
are essential for mitigating these conflicts.
Recommendations: School administrators should implement regular
training on conflict management and foster open communication to address
interpersonal conflicts. Additionally, strategies to improve working conditions
and address teachers’ concerns should be prioritised to reduce conflicts.
Keywords: Interpersonal conflict, conflict management, Baptist secondary
schools
Cinema for Human Development as a Competence-Based Pedagogic
Approach: Case of Higher Teacher Training College, Bambili. Get the full PDF
Anele Michael Obie …………………………………………….……..…..…286-306
The Competency-Based Approach (CBA) is a teaching method that fosters
real development since it seeks to render learners functional in their
communities through the use of acquired skills. The problem is, although
Cameroon has adopted the practice of the CBA in its primary and
secondary schools, it has not replaced the Objective-Based designed
curricula with Competency-Based structured curricula. Teacher training
institutions like Higher Teacher Training College, Bambili, will be obliged
to use the CBA upon graduation but do not train on the CBA. The
consequences are enormous! In order to mitigate the challenges that
student teachers in Cameroon face with regard to understanding and
using the CBA to meet expected learning outcomes, the paper argues that
a blend of the ideals of Anele Michael’s Cinema for Human Development
(C4HD), Shadrach Ambanasom’s Socio-Artistic Theory and the CBA
mind-set in the course of training teachers is an effective way to foster
genuine development. The study focuses on the Higher Teacher Training
College in The University of Bamenda to demonstrate how a filmmaking
process and a literary theory can harness the merits of the CBA.
Specifically, a blend of these three development approaches can help or
encourage student teachers to appropriate the learning outcomes of the
Competency-Based Approach and, most especially, use this tripartite
setup to help their learners become active development agents to
themselves and other community members.
Keywords: C4HD; Socio-Artistic Theory; CBA; Teacher Trainee; Cameroon
